Fluid-solid coupling numerical simulation on ideal porous structure of rat alveolar bone_Journal of Biomedical Engineering

Authors：

LUO Rui ¹ , ZHAO Zhenda ² , LENG Huijie ² ,  HUO Bo ¹

1. Biomechanics Lab, Department of Mechanics, School of Aerospace Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P.R.China;
2. Department of Orthopaedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, P.R.China;

Corresponding?author：

HUO Bo, Email: huobo@bit.edu.cn

Keywords：

alveolar bone; trabecula; fluid-solid coupling; porous structure; fluid shear stress

DOI：

10.7507/1001-5515.201903019

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Fluid shear stress (FSS) caused by interstitial fluid flow within trabecular bone cavities under mechanical loading is the key factor of stimulating biological response of bone cells. Therefore, to investigate the FSS distribution within cancellous bone is important for understanding the transduction process of mechanical forces within alveolar bone and the regulatory mechanism at cell level during tooth development and orthodontics. In the present study, the orthodontic tooth movement experiment on rats was first performed. Finite element model of tooth-periodontal ligament-alveolar bone based on micro computed tomography (micro-CT) images was established and the strain field in alveolar bone was analyzed. An ideal model was constructed mimicking the porous structure of actual rat alveolar bone. Fluid flow in bone was predicted by using fluid-solid coupling numerical simulation. Dynamic occlusal loading with orthodontic tension loading or compression loading was applied on the ideal model. The results showed that FSS on the surface of the trabeculae along occlusal direction was higher than that along perpendicular to occlusal direction, and orthodontic force has little effect on FSS within alveolar bone. This study suggests that the orientation of occlusal loading can be changed clinically by adjusting the shape of occlusal surface, then FSS with different level could be produced on trabecular surface, which further activates the biological response of bone cells and finally regulates the remodeling of alveolar bone.

Citation： LUO Rui, ZHAO Zhenda, LENG Huijie, HUO Bo. Fluid-solid coupling numerical simulation on ideal porous structure of rat alveolar bone. Journal of Biomedical Engineering, 2020, 37(1): 87-95. doi: 10.7507/1001-5515.201903019 Copy

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2.	Smalt R, Mitchell F T, Howard R L, et al. Induction of NO and prostaglandin E2 in osteoblasts by wall-shear stress but not mechanical strain. Am J Physiol, 1997, 273(4 Pt 1): E751-E758.
3.	Owan I, Burr D B, Turner C H, et al. Mechanotransduction in bone: osteoblasts are more responsive to fluid forces than mechanical strain. Am J Physiol, 1997, 273(3 Pt 1): C810-C815.
4.	You J, Yellowley C E, Donahue H J, et al. Substrate deformation levels associated with routine physical activity are less stimulatory to bone cells relative to loading-induced oscillatory fluid flow. J Biomech Eng, 2000, 122(4): 387-393.
5.	Birmingham E, Grogan J A, Niebur G L, et al. Computational modelling of the mechanics of trabecular bone and marrow using fluid structure interaction techniques. Ann Biomed Eng, 2013, 41(4): 814-826.
6.	Metzger T A, Kreipke T C, Vaughan T J, et al. The in situ mechanics of trabecular bone marrow: the potential for mechanobiological response. J Biomech Eng, 2015, 137(1): 011006.
7.	Kawarizadeh A, Bourauel C, Jager A. Experimental and numerical determination of initial tooth mobility and material properties of the periodontal ligament in rat molar specimens. Eur J Orthod, 2003, 25(6): 569-578.
8.	Gonzales C, Hotokezaka H, Arai Y A, et al. An in vivo 3D Micro-CT evaluation of tooth movement after the application of different force magnitudes in rat molar. Angle Orthodontist, 2009, 79(4): 703-714.
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10.	Hassumi J S, Mulinari-Santos G, da Silva Fabris A L, et al. Alveolar bone healing in rats: micro-CT, immunohistochemical and molecular analysis. J Appl Oral Sci, 2018, 26: e20170326.
11.	茹楠, 莊麗, 白玉興. 牙齒移動過程中牙槽骨顯微結構動態變化的微型CT研究. 中華口腔醫學雜志, 2011, 46(4): 237-240.
12.	Alikhani M, Alikhani M, Alansari S, et al. Therapeutic effect of localized vibration on alveolar bone of osteoporotic rats. PLoS One, 2019, 14(1): e0211004.
13.	莊麗, 屈克勤, 周玉玲, 等. 大鼠頜骨骨皮質切開術后骨小梁三維結構的改變. 中華口腔正畸學雜志, 2016, 23(2): 77-81.
14.	董晨, 于玲敏, 金光春. 顯微CT下下頜骨松質骨結構的解剖學評價. 廣東醫學, 2017, 38(z2): 20-22.
15.	Abe H, Hayashi K, Sato M. Data book on mechanical properties of living cells, tissues, and organs. Tokyo: Springer, 1996.
16.	Metzger T A, Shudick J M, Seekell R, et al. Rheological behavior of fresh bone marrow and the effects of storage. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater, 2014, 40: 307-313.
17.	Cattaneo P M, Dalstra M, Melsen B. Strains in periodontal ligament and alveolar bone associated with orthodontic tooth movement analyzed by finite element. Orthod Craniofac Res, 2009, 12(2): 120-128.
18.	Khan J, Benoliel R, Herzberg U, et al. Bite force and pattern measurements for dental pain assessment in the rat. Neurosci Lett, 2008, 447(2/3): 175-178.
19.	Kim S H, Son C N, Lee H J, et al. Infliximab partially alleviates the bite force reduction in a mouse model of temporomandibular joint pain. J Korean Med Sci, 2015, 30(5): 552-558.
20.	Lu X L, Huo B, Chiang V, et al. Osteocytic network is more responsive in calcium signaling than osteoblastic network under fluid flow. J Bone Mineral Res, 2012, 27(3): 563-574.
21.	Donahue S W, Jacobs C R, Donahue H J. Flow-induced calcium oscillations in rat osteoblasts are age, loading frequency, and shear stress dependent. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol, 2001, 281(5): C1635-C1641.
22.	Roy B, Das T, Mishra D, et al. Oscillatory shear stress induced calcium flickers in osteoblast cells. Integr Biol (Camb), 2014, 6(3): 289-299.
23.	Chen N X, Ryder K D, Pavalko F M, et al. Ca²⁺ regulates fluid shear-induced cytoskeletal reorganization and gene expression in osteoblasts. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol, 2000, 278(5): C989-C997.
24.	Zayzafoon M. Calcium/calmodulin signaling controls osteoblast growth and differentiation. J Cell Biochem, 2006, 97(1): 56-70.
25.	Kim C H, You L, Yellowley C E, et al. Oscillatory fluid flow-induced shear stress decreases osteoclastogenesis through RANKL and OPG signaling. Bone, 2006, 39(5): 1043-1047.
26.	Tan S D, De Vries T J, Kuijpers-Jagtman A M, et al. Osteocytes subjected to fluid flow inhibit osteoclast formation and bone resorption. Bone, 2007, 41(5): 745-751.
27.	Zhang Chunxiang, Lu Yanqin, Zhang Linkun, et al. Influence of different intensities of vibration on proliferation and differentiation of human periodontal ligament stem cells. Arch Med Sci, 2015, 11(3): 638-646.
28.	Bright R, Hynes K, Gronthos S, et al. Periodontal ligament-derived cells for periodontal regeneration in animal models: a systematic review. J Periodontal Res, 2015, 50(2): 160-172.
29.	Kook S H, Jang Y S, Lee J C. Human periodontal ligament fibroblasts stimulate osteoclastogenesis in response to compression force through TNF-alpha-mediated activation of CD4+T cells. J Cell Biochem, 2011, 112(10): 2891-2901.

1. Fritton S P, Weinbaum S. Fluid and solute transport in bone: Flow-Induced mechanotransduction. Annu Rev Fluid Mech, 2009, 41: 347-374.
2. Smalt R, Mitchell F T, Howard R L, et al. Induction of NO and prostaglandin E2 in osteoblasts by wall-shear stress but not mechanical strain. Am J Physiol, 1997, 273(4 Pt 1): E751-E758.
3. Owan I, Burr D B, Turner C H, et al. Mechanotransduction in bone: osteoblasts are more responsive to fluid forces than mechanical strain. Am J Physiol, 1997, 273(3 Pt 1): C810-C815.
4. You J, Yellowley C E, Donahue H J, et al. Substrate deformation levels associated with routine physical activity are less stimulatory to bone cells relative to loading-induced oscillatory fluid flow. J Biomech Eng, 2000, 122(4): 387-393.
5. Birmingham E, Grogan J A, Niebur G L, et al. Computational modelling of the mechanics of trabecular bone and marrow using fluid structure interaction techniques. Ann Biomed Eng, 2013, 41(4): 814-826.
6. Metzger T A, Kreipke T C, Vaughan T J, et al. The in situ mechanics of trabecular bone marrow: the potential for mechanobiological response. J Biomech Eng, 2015, 137(1): 011006.
7. Kawarizadeh A, Bourauel C, Jager A. Experimental and numerical determination of initial tooth mobility and material properties of the periodontal ligament in rat molar specimens. Eur J Orthod, 2003, 25(6): 569-578.
8. Gonzales C, Hotokezaka H, Arai Y A, et al. An in vivo 3D Micro-CT evaluation of tooth movement after the application of different force magnitudes in rat molar. Angle Orthodontist, 2009, 79(4): 703-714.
9. Ro J Y. Bite force measurement in awake rats: a behavioral model for persistent orofacial muscle pain and hyperalgesia. J Orofac Pain, 2005, 19(2): 159-167.
10. Hassumi J S, Mulinari-Santos G, da Silva Fabris A L, et al. Alveolar bone healing in rats: micro-CT, immunohistochemical and molecular analysis. J Appl Oral Sci, 2018, 26: e20170326.
11. 茹楠, 莊麗, 白玉興. 牙齒移動過程中牙槽骨顯微結構動態變化的微型CT研究. 中華口腔醫學雜志, 2011, 46(4): 237-240.
12. Alikhani M, Alikhani M, Alansari S, et al. Therapeutic effect of localized vibration on alveolar bone of osteoporotic rats. PLoS One, 2019, 14(1): e0211004.
13. 莊麗, 屈克勤, 周玉玲, 等. 大鼠頜骨骨皮質切開術后骨小梁三維結構的改變. 中華口腔正畸學雜志, 2016, 23(2): 77-81.
14. 董晨, 于玲敏, 金光春. 顯微CT下下頜骨松質骨結構的解剖學評價. 廣東醫學, 2017, 38(z2): 20-22.
15. Abe H, Hayashi K, Sato M. Data book on mechanical properties of living cells, tissues, and organs. Tokyo: Springer, 1996.
16. Metzger T A, Shudick J M, Seekell R, et al. Rheological behavior of fresh bone marrow and the effects of storage. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater, 2014, 40: 307-313.
17. Cattaneo P M, Dalstra M, Melsen B. Strains in periodontal ligament and alveolar bone associated with orthodontic tooth movement analyzed by finite element. Orthod Craniofac Res, 2009, 12(2): 120-128.
18. Khan J, Benoliel R, Herzberg U, et al. Bite force and pattern measurements for dental pain assessment in the rat. Neurosci Lett, 2008, 447(2/3): 175-178.
19. Kim S H, Son C N, Lee H J, et al. Infliximab partially alleviates the bite force reduction in a mouse model of temporomandibular joint pain. J Korean Med Sci, 2015, 30(5): 552-558.
20. Lu X L, Huo B, Chiang V, et al. Osteocytic network is more responsive in calcium signaling than osteoblastic network under fluid flow. J Bone Mineral Res, 2012, 27(3): 563-574.
21. Donahue S W, Jacobs C R, Donahue H J. Flow-induced calcium oscillations in rat osteoblasts are age, loading frequency, and shear stress dependent. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol, 2001, 281(5): C1635-C1641.
22. Roy B, Das T, Mishra D, et al. Oscillatory shear stress induced calcium flickers in osteoblast cells. Integr Biol (Camb), 2014, 6(3): 289-299.
23. Chen N X, Ryder K D, Pavalko F M, et al. Ca²⁺ regulates fluid shear-induced cytoskeletal reorganization and gene expression in osteoblasts. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol, 2000, 278(5): C989-C997.
24. Zayzafoon M. Calcium/calmodulin signaling controls osteoblast growth and differentiation. J Cell Biochem, 2006, 97(1): 56-70.
25. Kim C H, You L, Yellowley C E, et al. Oscillatory fluid flow-induced shear stress decreases osteoclastogenesis through RANKL and OPG signaling. Bone, 2006, 39(5): 1043-1047.
26. Tan S D, De Vries T J, Kuijpers-Jagtman A M, et al. Osteocytes subjected to fluid flow inhibit osteoclast formation and bone resorption. Bone, 2007, 41(5): 745-751.
27. Zhang Chunxiang, Lu Yanqin, Zhang Linkun, et al. Influence of different intensities of vibration on proliferation and differentiation of human periodontal ligament stem cells. Arch Med Sci, 2015, 11(3): 638-646.
28. Bright R, Hynes K, Gronthos S, et al. Periodontal ligament-derived cells for periodontal regeneration in animal models: a systematic review. J Periodontal Res, 2015, 50(2): 160-172.
29. Kook S H, Jang Y S, Lee J C. Human periodontal ligament fibroblasts stimulate osteoclastogenesis in response to compression force through TNF-alpha-mediated activation of CD4+T cells. J Cell Biochem, 2011, 112(10): 2891-2901.

Journal of Biomedical Engineering

Fluid-solid coupling numerical simulation on ideal porous structure of rat alveolar bone

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