Research progress of clinical importance of detecting cytokines in the intraocular fluid in diabetic macular edema_Chinese Journal of Ocular Fundus Diseases

Authors：

Zeng Guoqiang ^1,2 , Zhong Jianbo ^1,2 , Zhang Yi ¹ , Ye Baikang ³ , Dou Xiaoyan ³ ,  Cai Li ^1,2

1. Department of Ophthalmology, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen 518000, China;
2. Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen 518000, China;
3. Department of Ophthalmology, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518000, China;

Corresponding?author：

Cai Li, Email: caili@szu.edu.cn

Keywords：

Intraocular fluid; Cytokine; Macular edema; Diabetic retinopathy; Review

DOI：

10.3760/cma.j.cn511434-20240305-00090

Video：

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Abstract Full text Figures/Tables Video References Cited by

Diabetic macular edema (DME) is the main cause of vision loss in diabetic patients, its pathogenesis is complicated, and the clinical treatment is not good. DME is extremely harmful to vision. With the deepening of relevant studies, its related pathological mechanism has become more and more clear, and the treatment methods have also changed accordingly. In recent years, the rapid development of intracocular fluid cytokine detection technology has provided a more reasonable explanation of the mechanism of DME and made the choice of treatment more reasonable. However, the acquisition of intraocular fluid is an invasive operation with a certain risk of infection. If the level of relevant cytokines in intraocular fluid can be linked with the relevant imaging indicators, it will provide a better choice for the treatment and prognosis monitoring of DME and reduce the risk of invasive operation, and further clinical studies are needed to explore its correlation in the future.

Citation： Zeng Guoqiang, Zhong Jianbo, Zhang Yi, Ye Baikang, Dou Xiaoyan, Cai Li. Research progress of clinical importance of detecting cytokines in the intraocular fluid in diabetic macular edema. Chinese Journal of Ocular Fundus Diseases, 2024, 40(8): 651-655. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn511434-20240305-00090 Copy

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5.	陶勇, 石燕紅. 合理使用眼內液檢測, 輔助眼底疾病的精準診療[J]. 中華眼底病雜志, 2021, 37(7): 497-502. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn511434-20210315-00134.Tao Y, Shi YY. Proper use of examination of intraocular fluid to assist precise diagnosis and treatment of vitreoretinal diseases[J]. Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis, 2021, 37(7): 497-502. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn511434-20210315-00134.
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1. 劉自強, 金明. 視網膜靜脈阻塞繼發黃斑水腫的發病機制研究進展[J]. 中國中醫眼科雜志, 2021, 31(12): 897-901. DOI: 10.13444/j.cnki.zgzyykzz.2021.12.013.Liu ZB, Jin M. Research progress on the pathogenesis of macular edema secondary to retinal vein occlusion[J]. Chinese Journal of Chinese Ophthalmology, 2021, 31(12): 897-901. DOI: 10.13444/j.cnki.zgzyykzz.2021.12.013.
2. Daruich A, Matet A, Moulin A, et al. Mechanisms of macular edema: beyond the surface[J]. Prog Retin Eye Res, 2018, 63: 20-68. DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2017.10.006.
3. Sabanayagam C, Banu R, Chee ML, et al. Incidence and progression of diabetic retinopathy: a systematic review[J]. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol, 2019, 7(2): 140-149. DOI: 10.1016/S2213-8587(18)30128-1.
4. 陶勇. 眼內液病原學檢測的研究進展[J]. 中華眼科雜志, 2018, 54(7): 551-556. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0412-4081.2018.07.019.Tao Y. Research on examination of intraocular fluid for diagnosis of infectious ocular diseases[J]. Chin J Ophthalmol, 2018, 54(7): 551-556. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0412-4081.2018.07.019.
5. 陶勇, 石燕紅. 合理使用眼內液檢測, 輔助眼底疾病的精準診療[J]. 中華眼底病雜志, 2021, 37(7): 497-502. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn511434-20210315-00134.Tao Y, Shi YY. Proper use of examination of intraocular fluid to assist precise diagnosis and treatment of vitreoretinal diseases[J]. Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis, 2021, 37(7): 497-502. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn511434-20210315-00134.
6. Klaassen I, Van Noorden CJ, Schlingemann RO. Molecular basis of the inner blood-retinal barrier and its breakdown in diabetic macular edema and other pathological conditions[J]. Prog Retin Eye Res, 2013, 34: 19-48. DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2013.02.001.
7. Bandello F, Parodi MB, Lanzetta P, et al. Diabetic macular edema[J]. Macular Edema, 2017, 58: 102-138. DOI: 10.1159/000455277.
8. 李琳娜, 張曉峰. 糖尿病黃斑水腫的發病機制及治療研究進展[J]. 臨床眼科雜志, 2014, 22(1): 86-90. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8422.2014.01.031.Li LN, Zhang XF. Diabetic macular edema: pathogenesis and advances in treatment[J]. J Clin Ophthalmol, 2014, 22(1): 86-90. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8422.2014.01.03. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8422.2014.01.031.
9. Song S, Yu X, Zhang P, et al. Increased levels of cytokines in the aqueous humor correlate with the severity of diabetic retinopathy[J/OL]. J Diabetes Complications, 2020, 34(9): 107641[2020-05-30]. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32605862/. DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2020.107641.
10. Ra H, Park JH, Baek JU, et al. Relationships among retinal nonperfusion, neovascularization, and vascular endothelial growth factor levels in quiescent proliferative diabetic retinopathy[J]. J Clin Med, 2020, 9(5): 1462. DOI: 10.3390/jcm9051462.
11. Wells JA, Glassman AR, Ayala AR, et al. Aflibercept, Bevacizumab, or Ranibizumab for diabetic macular edema: two-year results from a comparative effectiveness randomized clinical trial[J]. Ophthalmology, 2016, 123(6): 1351-1359. DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2016.02.022.
12. Forrester JV, Kuffova L, Delibegovic M. The role of inflammation in diabetic retinopathy[J/OL]. Front Immunol, 2020, 11: 583687[2020-11-06]. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33240272/. DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.583687.
13. Noma H, Yasuda K, Shimura M. Cytokines and pathogenesis of central retinal vein occlusion[J]. J Clin Med, 2020, 9(11): 3457. DOI: 10.3390/jcm9113457.
14. Lee MY, Park S, Song JY, et al. Inflammatory cytokines and retinal nonperfusion area in quiescent proliferative diabetic retinopathy[J/OL]. Cytokine, 2022, 154: 155774[2022-04-26]. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35487091/. DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2021.155774.
15. Chen Y, Zheng B, Li H, et al. Association between aqueous humor cytokines and structural characteristics based on optical coherence tomography in patients with diabetic macular edema[J/OL]. J Ophthalmol, 2023, 2023: 3987281[2023-02-07]. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36798724/. DOI: 10.1155/2023/3987281.
16. Behl T, Kotwani A. Exploring the various aspects of the pathological role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in diabetic retinopathy[J]. Pharmacol Res, 2015, 99: 137-148. DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2015.05.013.
17. Introini U, Casalino G. Intravitreal Aflibercept in diabetic macular edema: long-term outcomes[J]. Dev Ophthalmol, 2017, 60: 71-77. DOI: 10.1159/000460220.
18. Noma H, Yasuda K, Shimura M. Cytokines and the pathogenesis of macular edema in branch retinal vein occlusion[J/OL]. J Ophthalmol, 2019, 2019: 5185128[2019-05-02]. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31191997/. DOI: 10.1155/2019/5185128.
19. Shah SU, Maturi RK. Therapeutic options in refractory diabetic macular oedema[J]. Drugs, 2017, 77(5): 481-492. DOI: 10.1007/s40265-017-0704-6.
20. Mao J, Zhang S, Zheng Z, et al. Prediction of anti-VEGF efficacy in diabetic macular oedema using intraocular cytokines and macular optical coherence tomography[J/OL]. Acta Ophthalmol, 2022, 100(4): e891-e898[2021-08-17]. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34403203/. DOI: 10.1111/aos.15008.
21. Yong H, Qi H, Yan H, et al. The correlation between cytokine levels in the aqueous humor and the prognostic value of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy for treating macular edema resulting from retinal vein occlusion[J]. Graefe's Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol, 2021, 259(11): 3243-3250. DOI: 10.1007/s00417-021-05211-2.
22. Joussen AM, Poulaki V, Le ML, et al. A central role for inflammation in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy[J]. FASEB J, 2004, 18(12): 1450-1452. DOI: 10.1096/fj.03-1476fje.
23. Noma H, Yasuda K, Shimura M. Involvement of cytokines in the pathogenesis of diabetic macular edema[J]. Int J Mol Sci, 2021, 22(7): 3427. DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073427.
24. Kwon JW, Jee D. Aqueous humor cytokine levels in patients with diabetic macular edema refractory to anti-VEGF treatment[J/OL]. PLoS One, 2018, 13(9): e0203408[2018-09-11]. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30204781/. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203408.
25. Munk MR, Somfai GM, de Smet MD, et al. The role of intravitreal corticosteroids in the treatment of DME: predictive OCT biomarkers[J]. Int J Mol Sci, 2022, 23(14): 7585. DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147585.
26. Pillai GS, Gupta A, Xavier T, et al. Effect of dexamethasone implant on intraocular cytokines in diabetic macular edema[J]. Indian J Ophthalmol, 2023, 71(2): 363-368. DOI: 10.4103/ijo.IJO_1280_22.
27. Toto L, D'Aloisio R, Chiarelli AM, et al. A custom-made semiautomatic analysis of retinal nonperfusion areas after dexamethasone for diabetic macular edema[J]. Transl Vis Sci Techno, 2020, 9(7): 13. DOI: 10.1167/tvst.9.7.13.
28. Kim EJ, Lin WV, Rodriguez SM, et al. Treatment of diabetic macular edema[J]. Curr Diab Rep, 2019, 19(9): 68. DOI: 10.1007/s11892-019-1188-4.
29. Arain MA, Muzaffar W, Farooq O, et al. Combined intravitreal triamcenolone acetonide and Bevacizumab for refractory diabetic macular edema[J]. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak, 2018, 28(8): 603-606. DOI: 10.29271/jcpsp.2018.08.603.
30. Mehta H, Hennings C, Gillies MC, et al. Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor combined with intravitreal steroids for diabetic macular oedema[J/OL]. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2018, 4(4): CD011599[2018-05-18]. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29669176/. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD011599.pub2.
31. Chiang B, Jung JH, Prausnitz MR. The suprachoroidal space as a route of administration to the posterior segment of the eye[J]. Adv Drug Deliv Rev, 2018, 126: 58-66. DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2018.03.001.
32. Sharma A, Kumar N, Kuppermann BD, et al. Understanding biosimilars and its regulatory aspects across the globe: an ophthalmology perspective[J]. Br J Ophthalmol, 2020, 104(1): 2-7. DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2019-314443.
33. Campochiaro PA, Sophie R, Tolentino M, et al. Treatment of diabetic macular edema with an inhibitor of vascular endothelial-protein tyrosine phosphatase that activates Tie2[J]. Ophthalmology, 2015, 122(3): 545-554. DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2014.09.023.
34. 中華醫學會眼科學分會眼免疫學組. 中國葡萄膜炎診療中眼內液檢測專家共識(2020年)[J]. 中華眼科雜志, 2020, 56(9): 657-661. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112142-20200305-00141.Ocular Immunology Group, Society of Ophthalmology, Chinese Medical Association. Expert consensus on intraocular fluid detection in the diagnosis and treatment of uveitis in China (2020)[J]. Chin J Ophthalmol, 2020, 56(9): 657-661. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112142-20200305-00141.
35. 中國醫學裝備協會眼科專業委員會眼科檢驗檢測學組, 中國中西醫結合學會檢驗醫學專業委員會眼科疾病實驗診斷專家委員會. 眼內液病毒核酸檢測流程及臨床規范化應用專家共識[J]. 解放軍醫學雜志, 2021, 46(12): 1167-1173. DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2021.12.01.The Subspecialty Group of Ophthalmic Laboratory Testing, Professional Committee of Ophthalmology in China, Association of Medical Equipment, the Expert Committee of Laboratory Diagnosis of Ocular Diseases, Laboratory Medicine Committee, Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine. Expert consensus to standardize the laboratory procedures and the clinical applications of intraocular virus nucleic acid testing[J]. Med J Chin PLA, 2021, 46(12): 1167-1173. DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2021.12.01.
36. Wang Y, Fan H, Gao K, et al. Levels of cytokines in the aqueous humor guided treatment of refractory macular edema in adult-onset Coats' disease[J]. BMC Ophthalmol, 2020, 20(1): 261. DOI: 10.1186/s12886-020-01474-1.
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Chinese Journal of Ocular Fundus Diseases

Research progress of clinical importance of detecting cytokines in the intraocular fluid in diabetic macular edema

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