Comparison of the thickness of macular ganglion cell inner plexiform layer in patients with a history of laser photocoagulation versus intravitreal injection of ranibizumab for retinopathy of prematurity_Chinese Journal of Ocular Fundus Diseases

Authors：

Tian Ya , Zhao Xinyu , Chen Miaohong , Fan Zixin , Zeng Xianlu , Zheng Lei , He Honghui , Zeng Jian , Zhang Shaochong ,  Zhang Guoming

Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Shenzhen Eye Hospital Affiliated to Jinan University, Shenzhen Eye Institute, Shenzhen 518040, China;

Corresponding?author：

Zhang Guoming, Email: zhang-guoming@163.com

Keywords：

Retinopathy of prematurity; Laser coagulation; Angiogenesis inhibitors; Tomography, optical coherence; Ganglion cell inner plexiform layer thickness

DOI：

10.3760/cma.j.cn511434-20220509-00282

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Objective To compare the thickness of the macular ganglion cell inner plexiform layer (mGCIPL) in patients with a history of laser photocoagulation (LP) versus intravitreal injection of ranibizumab (IVR) for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). Methods A retrospective clinical study. From June 2020 to January 2021, 70 eyes of 35 children with a history of surgery for ROP in Shenzhen Eye Hospital were included in the study. Among them, 18 males had 36 eyes, and 17 females had 34 eyes. The average age was 5.54±1.04 years. There were 18 patients (36 eyes) in LP group and 17 patients (34 eyes) in IVR group. There was no significant difference in age (t=－1.956), sexual composition ratio (χ²=0.030), birth gestational age (t=－1.316) and birth weight (t=－1.060) between the two groups (P=0.059, 0.862, 0.197, 0.297). All the eyes underwent the examination of optical coherence tomography (OCT). An elliptical region of 14.13 mm² centered on macular fovea was scanned according to the macular cube 512×128 model of the Cirrus HD-OCT 5000. The software was used to automatically divide macular fovea into six sectors (superior, inferior, temporal-superior, temporal-inferior, nasal-superior and nasal-inferior) and the average and minimum thickness of mGCIPL. t test was used to compared mGCIPL thickness between two groups using independent samples. Pearson correlation analysis was used to evaluate the correlation between mGCIPL thickness and age, birth gestational age, birth weight. Results Patients in IVR group had significantly decreased mGCIPL thickness than that in LP group in the six sectors (superior, inferior, temporal-superior, temporal-inferior, nasal-superior and nasal-inferior) and the average and minimum (t=6.484, 6.719, 7.682, 7.697, 5.151, 5.008, 7.148, 6.581; P＜0.05). The thickness of mGCIPL was not significantly correlated with age, birth gestational age, birth weight (P＞0.05). Conclusion The thickness of mGCIPL in patients with IVR treatment history is thinner than that in LP treatment.

Citation： Tian Ya, Zhao Xinyu, Chen Miaohong, Fan Zixin, Zeng Xianlu, Zheng Lei, He Honghui, Zeng Jian, Zhang Shaochong, Zhang Guoming. Comparison of the thickness of macular ganglion cell inner plexiform layer in patients with a history of laser photocoagulation versus intravitreal injection of ranibizumab for retinopathy of prematurity. Chinese Journal of Ocular Fundus Diseases, 2022, 38(7): 551-555. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn511434-20220509-00282 Copy

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2.	Hansen ED, Hartnett ME. A review of treatment for retinopathy of prematurity[J]. Expert Rev Ophthalmol, 2019, 14(2): 73-87. DOI: 10.1080/17469899.2019.1596026.
3.	Chen YC, Chen SN. Foveal microvasculature, refractive errors, optical biometry and their correlations in school-aged children with retinopathy of prematurity after intravitreal antivascular endothelial growth factors or laser photocoagulation[J]. Br J Ophthalmol, 2020, 104(5): 691-696. DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2019-314610.
4.	Deng X, Cheng Y, Zhu XM, et al. Foveal structure changes in infants treated with anti-VEGF therapy or laser therapy guided by optical coherence tomography angiography for retinopathy of prematurity[J]. Int J Ophthalmol, 2022, 15(1): 106-112. DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2022.01.16.
5.	Zhao J, Wu Z, Lam W, et al. Comparison of OCT angiography in children with a history of intravitreal injection of ranibizumab versus laser photocoagulation for retinopathy of prematurity[J]. Br J Ophthalmol, 2020, 104(11): 1556-1560. DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2019-315520.
6.	Kim KE, Park KH. Macular imaging by optical coherence tomography in the diagnosis and management of glaucoma[J]. Br J Ophthalmol, 2018, 102(6): 718-724. DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2017-310869.
7.	Lim HB, Shin YI, Lee MW, et al. Longitudinal changes in the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness of patients with type 2 diabetes[J]. JAMA Ophthalmol, 2019, 137(10): 1125-1132. DOI: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2019.2537.
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9.	Early Treatment For Retinopathy of Prematurity Cooperative Group. Revised indications for the treatment of retinopathy of prematurity: results of the early treatment for retinopathy of prematurity randomized trial[J]. Arch Ophthalmol, 2003, 121(12): 1684-1694. DOI: 10.1001/archopht.121.12.1684.
10.	Saint-Geniez M, Maharaj AS, Walshe TE, et al. Endogenous VEGF is required for visual function: evidence for a survival role on müller cells and photoreceptors[J/OL]. PLoS One, 2008, 3(11): e3554[2008-11-03]. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18978936/. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0003554.
11.	Marshall HN, Andrew NH, Hassall M, et al. Macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer loss precedes peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer loss in glaucoma with lower intraocular pressure[J]. Ophthalmology, 2019, 126(8): 1119-1130. DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2019.03.016.
12.	Marlow N, Stahl A, Lepore D, et al. 2-year outcomes of ranibizumab versus laser therapy for the treatment of very low birthweight infants with retinopathy of prematurity (RAINBOW extension study): prospective follow-up of an open label, randomised controlled trial[J]. Lancet Child Adolesc Health, 2021, 5(10): 698-707. DOI: 10.1016/S2352-4642(21)00195-4.
13.	Kang HG, Choi EY, Byeon SH, et al. Intravitreal ranibizumab versus laser photocoagulation for retinopathy of prematurity: efficacy, anatomical outcomes and safety[J]. Br J Ophthalmol, 2019, 103(9): 1332-1336. DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2018-312272.
14.	Lee YS, See LC, Chang SH, et al. Macular structures, optical components, and visual acuity in preschool children after intravitreal bevacizumab or laser treatment[J]. Am J Ophthalmol, 2018, 192: 20-30. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2018.05.002.
15.	Jeong JH, Choi YJ, Park KH, et al. Macular ganglion cell imaging study: covariate effects on the spectral domain optical coherence tomography for glaucoma diagnosis[J/OL]. PLoS One, 2016, 11(8): e0160448[2016-08-04]. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27490718/. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160448.
16.	Bae HW, Choi W, Hwang AR, et al. Effects of hypoxic preconditioning and vascular endothelial growth factor on the survival of isolated primary retinal ganglion cells[J]. Biomolecules, 2021, 11(3): 391. DOI: 10.3390/biom11030391.
17.	Gangwe A, Agrawal D, Vinekar A, et al. Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor in the management of retinopathy of prematurity: a survey among the members of Indian retinopathy of prematurity society[J]. Indian J Ophthalmol, 2021, 69(8): 2158-2163. DOI: 10.4103/ijo.IJO_200_21.
18.	陳爽爽, 張琦, 任佳寧, 等. 早產兒視網膜病變治療后黃斑發育研究現狀及進展[J]. 中華眼底病雜志, 2021, 37(5): 394-398. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn511434-20200114-00016.Chen SS, Zhang Q, Ren JN, et al. Recent advances in foveal development after treatment for retinopathy of prematurity[J]. Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis, 2021, 37(5): 394-398. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn511434-20200114-00016.
19.	Young TL, Anthony DC, Pierce E, et al. Histopathology and vascular endothelial growth factor in untreated and diode laser-treated retinopathy of prematurity[J]. J AAPOS, 1997, 1(2): 105-110. DOI: 10.1016/s1091-8531(97)90008-2.
20.	Writing Committee for the Pediatric Eye Disease Investigator Group, Hartnett ME, Wallace DK, et al. Plasma levels of bevacizumab and vascular endothelial growth factor after low-dose bevacizumab treatment for retinopathy of prematurity in infants[J]. JAMA Ophthalmol, 2022, 140(4): 337-344. DOI: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2022.0030.
21.	Kim US, Mahroo OA, Mollon JD, et al. Retinal ganglion cells-diversity of cell types and clinical relevance[J/OL]. Front Neurol, 2021, 12: 661938[2021-05-21]. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34093409/. DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.661938.
22.	Pueyo V, González I, Altemir I, et al. Microstructural changes in the retina related to prematurity[J]. Am J Ophthalmol, 2015, 159(4): 797-802. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2014.12.015.
23.	Tariq YM, Pai A, Li H, et al. Association of birth parameters with OCT measured macular and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness[J]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 2011, 52(3): 1709-1715. DOI: 10.1167/iovs.10-6365.

1. Palmer EA, Flynn JT, Hardy RJ, et al. Incidence and early course of retinopathy of prematurity[J]. Ophthalmology, 2020, 127(4S): S84-96. DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2020.01.034.
2. Hansen ED, Hartnett ME. A review of treatment for retinopathy of prematurity[J]. Expert Rev Ophthalmol, 2019, 14(2): 73-87. DOI: 10.1080/17469899.2019.1596026.
3. Chen YC, Chen SN. Foveal microvasculature, refractive errors, optical biometry and their correlations in school-aged children with retinopathy of prematurity after intravitreal antivascular endothelial growth factors or laser photocoagulation[J]. Br J Ophthalmol, 2020, 104(5): 691-696. DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2019-314610.
4. Deng X, Cheng Y, Zhu XM, et al. Foveal structure changes in infants treated with anti-VEGF therapy or laser therapy guided by optical coherence tomography angiography for retinopathy of prematurity[J]. Int J Ophthalmol, 2022, 15(1): 106-112. DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2022.01.16.
5. Zhao J, Wu Z, Lam W, et al. Comparison of OCT angiography in children with a history of intravitreal injection of ranibizumab versus laser photocoagulation for retinopathy of prematurity[J]. Br J Ophthalmol, 2020, 104(11): 1556-1560. DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2019-315520.
6. Kim KE, Park KH. Macular imaging by optical coherence tomography in the diagnosis and management of glaucoma[J]. Br J Ophthalmol, 2018, 102(6): 718-724. DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2017-310869.
7. Lim HB, Shin YI, Lee MW, et al. Longitudinal changes in the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness of patients with type 2 diabetes[J]. JAMA Ophthalmol, 2019, 137(10): 1125-1132. DOI: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2019.2537.
8. 中華醫學會眼科學分會眼底病學組. 中國早產兒視網膜病變篩查指南(2014年)[J]. 中華眼科雜志, 2014, 50(12): 933-935. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0412-4081.2014.12.017.Fundus Disease Group of Chinese Medical Association Ophthalmology Branch. Guidelines for screening retinopathy of premature infants in China(2014)[J]. Chin J Ophthalmol, 2014, 50(12): 933-935. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0412-4081.2014.12.017.
9. Early Treatment For Retinopathy of Prematurity Cooperative Group. Revised indications for the treatment of retinopathy of prematurity: results of the early treatment for retinopathy of prematurity randomized trial[J]. Arch Ophthalmol, 2003, 121(12): 1684-1694. DOI: 10.1001/archopht.121.12.1684.
10. Saint-Geniez M, Maharaj AS, Walshe TE, et al. Endogenous VEGF is required for visual function: evidence for a survival role on müller cells and photoreceptors[J/OL]. PLoS One, 2008, 3(11): e3554[2008-11-03]. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18978936/. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0003554.
11. Marshall HN, Andrew NH, Hassall M, et al. Macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer loss precedes peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer loss in glaucoma with lower intraocular pressure[J]. Ophthalmology, 2019, 126(8): 1119-1130. DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2019.03.016.
12. Marlow N, Stahl A, Lepore D, et al. 2-year outcomes of ranibizumab versus laser therapy for the treatment of very low birthweight infants with retinopathy of prematurity (RAINBOW extension study): prospective follow-up of an open label, randomised controlled trial[J]. Lancet Child Adolesc Health, 2021, 5(10): 698-707. DOI: 10.1016/S2352-4642(21)00195-4.
13. Kang HG, Choi EY, Byeon SH, et al. Intravitreal ranibizumab versus laser photocoagulation for retinopathy of prematurity: efficacy, anatomical outcomes and safety[J]. Br J Ophthalmol, 2019, 103(9): 1332-1336. DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2018-312272.
14. Lee YS, See LC, Chang SH, et al. Macular structures, optical components, and visual acuity in preschool children after intravitreal bevacizumab or laser treatment[J]. Am J Ophthalmol, 2018, 192: 20-30. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2018.05.002.
15. Jeong JH, Choi YJ, Park KH, et al. Macular ganglion cell imaging study: covariate effects on the spectral domain optical coherence tomography for glaucoma diagnosis[J/OL]. PLoS One, 2016, 11(8): e0160448[2016-08-04]. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27490718/. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160448.
16. Bae HW, Choi W, Hwang AR, et al. Effects of hypoxic preconditioning and vascular endothelial growth factor on the survival of isolated primary retinal ganglion cells[J]. Biomolecules, 2021, 11(3): 391. DOI: 10.3390/biom11030391.
17. Gangwe A, Agrawal D, Vinekar A, et al. Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor in the management of retinopathy of prematurity: a survey among the members of Indian retinopathy of prematurity society[J]. Indian J Ophthalmol, 2021, 69(8): 2158-2163. DOI: 10.4103/ijo.IJO_200_21.
18. 陳爽爽, 張琦, 任佳寧, 等. 早產兒視網膜病變治療后黃斑發育研究現狀及進展[J]. 中華眼底病雜志, 2021, 37(5): 394-398. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn511434-20200114-00016.Chen SS, Zhang Q, Ren JN, et al. Recent advances in foveal development after treatment for retinopathy of prematurity[J]. Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis, 2021, 37(5): 394-398. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn511434-20200114-00016.
19. Young TL, Anthony DC, Pierce E, et al. Histopathology and vascular endothelial growth factor in untreated and diode laser-treated retinopathy of prematurity[J]. J AAPOS, 1997, 1(2): 105-110. DOI: 10.1016/s1091-8531(97)90008-2.
20. Writing Committee for the Pediatric Eye Disease Investigator Group, Hartnett ME, Wallace DK, et al. Plasma levels of bevacizumab and vascular endothelial growth factor after low-dose bevacizumab treatment for retinopathy of prematurity in infants[J]. JAMA Ophthalmol, 2022, 140(4): 337-344. DOI: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2022.0030.
21. Kim US, Mahroo OA, Mollon JD, et al. Retinal ganglion cells-diversity of cell types and clinical relevance[J/OL]. Front Neurol, 2021, 12: 661938[2021-05-21]. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34093409/. DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.661938.
22. Pueyo V, González I, Altemir I, et al. Microstructural changes in the retina related to prematurity[J]. Am J Ophthalmol, 2015, 159(4): 797-802. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2014.12.015.
23. Tariq YM, Pai A, Li H, et al. Association of birth parameters with OCT measured macular and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness[J]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 2011, 52(3): 1709-1715. DOI: 10.1167/iovs.10-6365.

Chinese Journal of Ocular Fundus Diseases

Comparison of the thickness of macular ganglion cell inner plexiform layer in patients with a history of laser photocoagulation versus intravitreal injection of ranibizumab for retinopathy of prematurity

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